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This study used metabolomics to explore the improvement effect of raw and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma on acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine (approval No.: SDZYY20200101001). SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group (0.9 g·kg-1) and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma group (0.9 g·kg-1), 6 rats in each group. The rats model of acute kidney injury was established by single intraperitoneal injection of cisplatin (CP) and treated with raw and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The pathological changes of renal tissue were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and PAS staining, the contents creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were detected. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to study tissue metabolomics to screen the biomarkers affected by raw and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and analyz the metabolic pathways. The results showed that compared with the model group, raw and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can significantly improve the pathological changes of renal tissue and decrease the content of Cr, BUN and increase the activity of SOD. In addition, honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can also significantly reduce the kidney index. In tissue samples, 45 biomarkers were measured in AKI rats. Raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma could simultaneously call back 11 differential metabolites, which were involved in the regulation of glycerophospholipid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, and glutathione metabolism. In addition, raw Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma is also involved in the regulation of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. In summary, raw and honey-processed Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can participate in the regulation of different metabolic pathways, and play an improvement role in AKI rats by regulating amino acid, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Objective To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in Henan Province. Methods A total of 104 survey sites were sampled from 35 counties (cities) in Henan Province using the stratified cluster sampling method to investigate the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children from 2014 to 2015. The trophozoites and cysts of intestinal protozoa were identified using the iodine staining method and the physiological saline direct smear method (one detection for one stool sample). The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was compared among rural children with different characteristics, and the factors affecting intestinal protozoan infections among rural children were identified. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections was 0.60% (40/6 771) among rural children in Henan Province from 2014 to 2015. There were 7 species of intestinal protozoa identified, and there was no species-specific prevalence (χ2 = 37.732, P = 0.000). No significant differences were found in prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in terms of gender (χ2 = 1.793, P = 0.181), age (χ2 = 1.443, P = 0.486), occupation (χ2 = 0.219, P = 0.896) or ecological region (χ2 = 1.700, P = 0.637). In addition, terrain (χ2 = 2.311, P = 0.510), economic level (χ2 = 4.322, P = 0.229), source of drinking water (χ2 = 0.731, P = 0.393), eating raw vegetables (χ2 = 1.134, P = 0.287) and deworming (χ2 = 1.089, P = 0.297) had no remarkable effects on the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among rural children in Henan Province; however, the prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections varied significantly among rural children living in regions with different coverage of non-harmless toilets (χ2 = 10.050, P = 0.018). Conclusion The prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections is low among rural children in Henan Province.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Shashen Maidongtang plus total glucosides of paeony capsule on primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) based on the theory of fluid metabolism. Method:In this study, 84 patients of Qi-Yin deficiency type pSS admitted in Zhengzhou Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 were divided into observation group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases) on the basis of random number table. The control group was orally given total glucosides of paeony capsule and iguratimod tablet, while the observation group was orally given Shashen Maidongtang combined with glucosides of paeony capsule. After 3 months of continuous treatment to all subjects, the clinical efficacy was evaluated, and side effects were recorded. Before and after the treatment, the saliva flow rate and basal tear secretion Schirmer I test (SIt) value were measured, European League Against Rheumatism Sjogren's syndrome patient reported index and Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSPRI and ESSDAI) were scored, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was determined by Westergren, and the levels of serum rheumatoid factor (RF) and immunoglobulin (Ig) G were tested by immunoturbidimetry and rate scattering turbidimetry, respectively. Result:The overall effective rate of the observation group was 90.48% (38/42), which was much higher than 69.05% (29/42) of the control group (χ2=5.974，P<0.05). After treatment, the saliva flow rates and SIt values of both groups got significantly increased compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05), but the saliva flow and SIt of the observation group were significantly better than those of the control group over the same period after treatment (P<0.05). After treatment, both groups had a great decrease in ESSPRI and ESSDAI scores compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the above scores of the observation group were dramatically lower than those of the control group over the same period (P<0.05). After treatment, ESR, serum RF, and IgG levels of both groups were significantly lower than those before the treatment (P<0.05), and the observation group showed higher levels of ESR, serum RF and IgG than the control group over the same period after treatment (P<0.05). Side effects were few and mild in both groups. Conclusion:In treating patients of Qi-Yin deficiency type pSS, Shashen Maidongtang plus total glucosides of paeony capsule was proven to be effective generally. It could significantly inhibit excessive inflammation and hyperhumoral immunity in patients, and control their disease activity. This may be related to the effect of Shashen Maidong decoction and its decomposed recipes in correcting body fluid infusion and metabolic disorder in patients of Qi-Yin deficiency type pSS.
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Objective To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of intestinal parasitic diseases among rural children in Henan Province. Methods According to the Scheme for The National Survey on Current Status of Major Human Parasitic Diseases in China, the survey counties were selected based on the ecological zones and economic levels in Henan Province between 2014 and 2015. Then, the included counties were stratified according to the topography and economic levels. A township was randomly sampled from each stratum, and a village was randomly sampled from each township as the study site. Finally, a total of 104 study sites from 35 counties were enrolled for the survey of intestinal parasitic diseases in children. At least 250 fresh stool samples were collected from each study site for detection of intestinal helminth eggs with the Kato-Katz technique, for the identification of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale with the fecal culture method, and for the detection of intestinal protozoa trophozoite and cyst with the physiological saline smear and iodine staining techniques. In addition, the Enterobius vermicularis and tapeworm eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 3.21% (214/6 671) among rural children in Henan Province, and the prevalence of intestinal helminthes (2.62%, 175/6 671) was higher than that of intestinal protozoa (0.60%, 40/6 671). A total of 12 species of intestinal parasites were found, including 4 nematodes species, one trematode species, and 7 protozoa species, and the highest infection was seen in E. vermicularis (2.47%, 161/6 671). Among the four ecological zones in Henan Province, the greatest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was detected among children in the Qinba Mountain Ecological Zone (5.85%, 90/1 538). There was no gender-specific difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (P > 0.05); however, there were age- (χ2 = 32.762, P < 0.05) and education level-specific differences in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (χ2 = 67.507, P < 0.05), with the greatest prevalence of E. vermicularis infection seen in all species of intestinal parasites in children at all age groups. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that high education level, high coverage of harmless toilets, drinking tap water and deworming were protective factors for intestinal parasitic infections in children in Henan Province. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline among children in Henan Province as compared to the previous two surveys. Conclusions The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections shows a tendency towards a remarkable decline among children in Henan Province. E. vermicularis infection should be given a priority for future parasitic disease control activities among rural children in Henan Province.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical data of an imported case of visceral leishmaniasis in Henan Province, and explore the method of laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar. Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of an imported visceral leishmaniasis patient were analyzed. Leishmania donovani bodies in bone marrow smears were observed microscopically. The antibody was detected by using rK39 dipstick test strips. Two pairs of specific primers, K13A-K13B and LITSR-L5.8S, were used to amplify kinetoplast DNA and internal transcribed spacer of rDNA of the parasite, respectively. Results The patient had been in the epidemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, and had symptoms such as irregular fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and inversed ratio of albumin and globulin. The amastigotes of L. donovani were found in the bone marrow smears, and rK39 test strip was positive, and the PCR products of K13A-K13B and LITSR-L5.8S were 87 bp and 285 bp respectively. The similarities of the two fragment sequences to the corresponding sequences of L. donovani were 94% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion The case is diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis according to the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of the patient, and the pathogen is L. donovani.
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Objective To understand and analyze the epidemic status of human intestinal parasitic diseases in the ecological region of the Qinba Mountains in Henan Province, so as to provide the evidence for the control of the diseases in this region. Methods According to the methods of National Survey Scheme on Major Human Parasitic Diseases, 26 survey spots were selected in 8 counties (cities) in ecological regions of Qinba Mountains in Henan Province in 2015. After collecting the human fecal samples, the eggs of intestinal helminthes were detected with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method, the species of Ancylostoma of the hookworm egg-positive samples were identified with the tube fecal culture method, the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected by using the adhesive tape method in children aged 3 to 6 years, and the cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined by iodine staining. The infections of intestinal parasites in different populations and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Results Totally 6 706 residents were recruited in this study, 8 kinds of parasites were found including 3 species of helminthes and 5 species of protozoans. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 3.39%, covering 2.92% for helminthes and 0.49% for protozoans. The infection rate of E. vermicularis in children aged 3 to 6 years was 3.93%. The 3 identified helminthes were Ascaris lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, with the highest infection rate of E. vermicularis (2.68%, χ2 = 306.362, P < 0.05). The 5 identified protozoans were Entamoeba hartmani, E. coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, and the infection rate of E. nana was the highest (χ2 = 23.842, P < 0.05). Among the 8 counties (cities), the highest infection rate of helminthes, mainly with Enterobius infection, existed in Ruyang County, and the infection rate of protozoans in Xin’an County was the highest, mainly with E. nana infection. There was a significant difference in the infection rates of helminthes and protozoans among the 8 counties (cities) (helminthes: χ2 = 357.525, P < 0.05; protozoans: χ2 = 38.795, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the helminth infection rate between males and females ( χ2 = 0.034, P > 0.05), but the protozoan infection rate of the males was higher than that of the females ( χ2 = 12.946, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of the 0-9 years old group was the highest ( χ2 = 62.600, P < 0.05), up to 6.60%, mainly with E. vermicularis infection. There was no significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites among nationalities ( χ2 = 0.212, P > 0.05). The helminth infection rate of preschool children was the highest and up to 8.43%, mainly with E. vermicularis infection. The infection of A. lumbricoides was mainly happened among farmers, with the infection rate of 0.31%. There was a significant difference in the helminth infection rate among different occupations (χ2 = 84.333, P < 0.05). The intestinal parasites infection rate of the illiterate population was the highest and up to 7.63%, there was a significant difference among the populations with different educational levels (χ2 = 72.013, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of plain areas was higher than that of valley and hill ( χ2 = 11.690, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of people with low-income was the highest and up to 10.32% (χ2 = 244.999, P < 0.05). The protozoan infection rate of people with middle-income was the highest, who had the annual per capita net income of 6 000 to 7 999 Yuan ( χ2 = 24.749, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of people drinking well water was much higher than that of people drinking tap water (χ2 = 62.255, P < 0.05). The protozoan infection rate of people without insect repellent was higher than that of people with insect repellent (χ2 = 5.235, P < 0.05). Conclusions The infection rates of human intestinal parasites in the ecological region of the Qinba Mountains in Henan Province have decreased sharply. E. vermicularis infection in children should be the main point of prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in the future.
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Objective To understand and analyze the epidemic status of human intestinal parasitic diseases in the ecological region of the Qinba Mountains in Henan Province, so as to provide the evidence for the control of the diseases in this region. Methods According to the methods of National Survey Scheme on Major Human Parasitic Diseases, 26 survey spots were selected in 8 counties (cities) in ecological regions of Qinba Mountains in Henan Province in 2015. After collecting the human fecal samples, the eggs of intestinal helminthes were detected with the modified Kato-Katz thick smear method, the species of Ancylostoma of the hookworm egg-positive samples were identified with the tube fecal culture method, the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis were detected by using the adhesive tape method in children aged 3 to 6 years, and the cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined by iodine staining. The infections of intestinal parasites in different populations and the related influencing factors were analyzed. Results Totally 6 706 residents were recruited in this study, 8 kinds of parasites were found including 3 species of helminthes and 5 species of protozoans. The overall infection rate of intestinal parasites was 3.39%, covering 2.92% for helminthes and 0.49% for protozoans. The infection rate of E. vermicularis in children aged 3 to 6 years was 3.93%. The 3 identified helminthes were Ascaris lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, with the highest infection rate of E. vermicularis (2.68%, χ2 = 306.362, P < 0.05). The 5 identified protozoans were Entamoeba hartmani, E. coli, Endolimax nana, Giardia lamblia, and Blastocystis hominis, and the infection rate of E. nana was the highest (χ2 = 23.842, P < 0.05). Among the 8 counties (cities), the highest infection rate of helminthes, mainly with Enterobius infection, existed in Ruyang County, and the infection rate of protozoans in Xin’an County was the highest, mainly with E. nana infection. There was a significant difference in the infection rates of helminthes and protozoans among the 8 counties (cities) (helminthes: χ2 = 357.525, P < 0.05; protozoans: χ2 = 38.795, P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the helminth infection rate between males and females ( χ2 = 0.034, P > 0.05), but the protozoan infection rate of the males was higher than that of the females ( χ2 = 12.946, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of the 0-9 years old group was the highest ( χ2 = 62.600, P < 0.05), up to 6.60%, mainly with E. vermicularis infection. There was no significant difference in the infection rate of intestinal parasites among nationalities ( χ2 = 0.212, P > 0.05). The helminth infection rate of preschool children was the highest and up to 8.43%, mainly with E. vermicularis infection. The infection of A. lumbricoides was mainly happened among farmers, with the infection rate of 0.31%. There was a significant difference in the helminth infection rate among different occupations (χ2 = 84.333, P < 0.05). The intestinal parasites infection rate of the illiterate population was the highest and up to 7.63%, there was a significant difference among the populations with different educational levels (χ2 = 72.013, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of plain areas was higher than that of valley and hill ( χ2 = 11.690, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of people with low-income was the highest and up to 10.32% (χ2 = 244.999, P < 0.05). The protozoan infection rate of people with middle-income was the highest, who had the annual per capita net income of 6 000 to 7 999 Yuan ( χ2 = 24.749, P < 0.05). The helminth infection rate of people drinking well water was much higher than that of people drinking tap water (χ2 = 62.255, P < 0.05). The protozoan infection rate of people without insect repellent was higher than that of people with insect repellent (χ2 = 5.235, P < 0.05). Conclusions The infection rates of human intestinal parasites in the ecological region of the Qinba Mountains in Henan Province have decreased sharply. E. vermicularis infection in children should be the main point of prevention and treatment of parasitic diseases in the future.
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Objective To understand the epidemic status and influencing factors of intestinal parasitic diseases among rural children in Henan Province. Methods According to the Scheme for The National Survey on Current Status of Major Human Parasitic Diseases in China, the survey counties were selected based on the ecological zones and economic levels in Henan Province between 2014 and 2015. Then, the included counties were stratified according to the topography and economic levels. A township was randomly sampled from each stratum, and a village was randomly sampled from each township as the study site. Finally, a total of 104 study sites from 35 counties were enrolled for the survey of intestinal parasitic diseases in children. At least 250 fresh stool samples were collected from each study site for detection of intestinal helminth eggs with the Kato-Katz technique, for the identification of Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale with the fecal culture method, and for the detection of intestinal protozoa trophozoite and cyst with the physiological saline smear and iodine staining techniques. In addition, the Enterobius vermicularis and tapeworm eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years using the adhesive cellophane-tape perianal swab method. Results The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was 3.21% (214/6 671) among rural children in Henan Province, and the prevalence of intestinal helminthes (2.62%, 175/6 671) was higher than that of intestinal protozoa (0.60%, 40/6 671). A total of 12 species of intestinal parasites were found, including 4 nematodes species, one trematode species, and 7 protozoa species, and the highest infection was seen in E. vermicularis (2.47%, 161/6 671). Among the four ecological zones in Henan Province, the greatest prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections was detected among children in the Qinba Mountain Ecological Zone (5.85%, 90/1 538). There was no gender-specific difference in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (P > 0.05); however, there were age- (χ2 = 32.762, P < 0.05) and education level-specific differences in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in children (χ2 = 67.507, P < 0.05), with the greatest prevalence of E. vermicularis infection seen in all species of intestinal parasites in children at all age groups. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that high education level, high coverage of harmless toilets, drinking tap water and deworming were protective factors for intestinal parasitic infections in children in Henan Province. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections appeared a tendency towards a gradual decline among children in Henan Province as compared to the previous two surveys. Conclusions The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections shows a tendency towards a remarkable decline among children in Henan Province. E. vermicularis infection should be given a priority for future parasitic disease control activities among rural children in Henan Province.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological and clinical data of an imported case of visceral leishmaniasis in Henan Province, and explore the method of laboratory diagnosis of kala-azar. Methods The epidemiological and clinical data of an imported visceral leishmaniasis patient were analyzed. Leishmania donovani bodies in bone marrow smears were observed microscopically. The antibody was detected by using rK39 dipstick test strips. Two pairs of specific primers, K13A-K13B and LITSR-L5.8S, were used to amplify kinetoplast DNA and internal transcribed spacer of rDNA of the parasite, respectively. Results The patient had been in the epidemic area of visceral leishmaniasis, and had symptoms such as irregular fever, splenomegaly, pancytopenia, and inversed ratio of albumin and globulin. The amastigotes of L. donovani were found in the bone marrow smears, and rK39 test strip was positive, and the PCR products of K13A-K13B and LITSR-L5.8S were 87 bp and 285 bp respectively. The similarities of the two fragment sequences to the corresponding sequences of L. donovani were 94% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion The case is diagnosed as visceral leishmaniasis according to the epidemiological data, clinical manifestations and laboratory test results of the patient, and the pathogen is L. donovani.
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In 2013, the first dengue fever (DF) outbreak in central China was reported in the central of Henan province, northern temperate regions, although they have been sequentially recorded in Southern China. 106 suspected DF cases were reported and 73 patients were confirmed dengue virus type 3 (DEN-3) infections. 62/392 (15.8%) local health persons showed DEN antibodies positive. To this day Henan is the northernmost province in China which has been reported about outbreak of DF and what is important is that it warns us the endemic range of DF has been expanded geographically in China.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Blood , China , Epidemiology , Dengue , Epidemiology , Virology , Dengue Virus , Disease Outbreaks , Immunoglobulin G , Blood , Immunoglobulin M , Blood , Serologic TestsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the correlation between plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and left ventricular structure in hypertensive patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 201 hypertensive patients [117 male, aged from seventeen to sixty eight years old, mean (43.6 ± 10.2) years] were included. All subjects underwent echocardiography examination for measurement of left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD), LV posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), interventricular septum thickness (IVST) and LV mass index (LVMI). Plasma PAC was also measured at three postural positions. According to the sitting PAC, subjects were divided into high aldosterone group (PAC ≥ 120 ng/L, n = 83) and normal aldosterone (PAC < 120 ng/L, n = 118) group. Bivariate correlation and multiple stepwise regression analysis were performed to analyze the correlation between left ventricular structure parameters and PAC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>IVST, LVPWT values were significantly higher in the increased PAC group than that in normal PAC group [ (10.4 ± 1.0) mm vs. (10.9 ± 1.8) mm, (10.1 ± 0.7) mm vs.(10.4 ± 1.5) mm, all P < 0.05]. Bivariate correlation analysis showed that PAC was weakly correlated with IVST (r = 0.190, P < 0.05) , while was not correlated to LVMI, LVPWT and LVEDD (all P > 0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that PAC was positively correlated with IVST and LVPWT (β = 0.206 and β = 0.241, respectively, all P < 0.05), but was not correlated to LVMI and LVEDD (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PAC is positively correlated with IVST and LVPWT in hypertensive patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aldosterone , Blood , Heart Ventricles , Pathology , Hypertension , Blood , Pathology , Hypertrophy, Left VentricularABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the complete genome sequences of two coxsackievirus B5 (CVB5) isolated in Henan province, 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Specimens were collected from viral encephalitis patients and followed by viral isolation on them. RNA were extracted from positive isolates and the amplified products were sequenced. The full-length genomes of them were acquired by assembling the fragments, using DNAStar 5.01 software while phylogenetic analysis were performed with Mega 5.05 and other software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genomes RNA of 03001N and 17Y showed 7408 bp and 7404 bp long, and the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions were 747 bp, 743 bp and 103 bp, 103 bp, respectively. BLAST analysis of these two isolates, based on the complete genome, showed 97% identity, with both of them having the highest similarity(98%, 99%)to the CVB5 strain isolated from Henan in 2010 rather than other CVB5 strains. Coding regions of both isolates were 6558 bp, code for a polyprotein of 2185 amino acids (aa) and both of them showed 99% amino acid identity. Phylogenetic tree in VP1 region showed that the two isolates belonged to the same clade with other strains isolated from all over the country in the past years, except for some CVB5 strains isolated from Henan and Shandong province in 2009 that formed the other cluster.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It seemed that more than one group of CVB5 were circulating in Henan province and these two isolates appeared the main epidemic strains circulating in the past years.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Base Sequence , China , Epidemiology , Encephalitis, Viral , Epidemiology , Virology , Enterovirus B, Human , Classification , Genetics , Genes, Viral , PhylogenyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevention of diarrhea by oral BIFICO for infants aged 1-6 years.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>490 cases of infants were randomly divided after age stratification: the experimental group (n = 247) and the control group (n = 243). Based on principles of randomized double-blind and placebo-controlled, the infants were given BIFICO (dedicated clinical research)therapy for 4 consecutive days, then observed for 21 days. 25 days composed a cycle. They were observed total 5 cycles. During the study period, principles for "the diarrhoea patients must be detected", follow-up visited the participant infants and conducted etiology detection by way of sampling for diarrhea infants. Evaluate the prevention efficacy of diarrhea by oral BIFICO for infants aged 1-6 years.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 480 completed all study. 120 and 95 infants in the control group and experimental group were detected with diarrhea. The incidence of diarrhea was 50.85% and 38.93% in these two guoup, respectively. The difference has statistical significance (chi2 = 4.175, P = 0.041). In the third observation period, the infants in the control group had a higer incidence of diarrhea compared with which in the experimental group (chi2 = 4.415, P = 0.036). 14 strains of rotavirus, 3 strains of norovirus, 3 strains of sappovirus, 2 strains of adenovirus, 5 strains of salmonella and 4 strains of Shigella were check out in 128 samples.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Oral BIFICO can paly certain preventive role on diarrhea, and decrease the incidence of diarrhea in infants aged 1-6 years.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Administration, Oral , Diarrhea , Drug Therapy , Incidence , ProbioticsABSTRACT
Data were gathered from epidemiological survey of Xinjiang Hetian area in 2008 and 2 228 subjects were included.Waist-height ratio (WHtR),body mass index (BMI),Waist-hip ratio (WHpR) were calculated.Kappa test was applied to determine the concordance among different methods.The results showed that according to International Diabetes Federation 2005 diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome,it was better to apply WHtR in predicting metabolic syndrome by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve than BMI,abdominal circumference,and WHpR.When the cutoff of WHtR was 0.53,the sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing MS were 91.2％ and 71.8 ％,with its area under ROC curve 0.878.Kappa test showed an intensive concordance between WHtR and waist circumference (WC).The specificity and sensitivity of diagnosing MS would be significantly raised by using both WHtR and WC.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the distribution, species, seasonal fluctuation of ticks and detect new bunyavirus in some hematophagus in the endemic areas of fever thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From March to December 2011, the free ticks were collected manually with white cloth from the grassland and the parasitic ticks were collected from the host skin by hand searching in Xinyang and Jiyuan. The density and seasonal fluctuation of ticks were analyzed after classification of the specimen. The hematophagus were collected including gadfly (38 in 16 groups), cattle lice (224 in 16 groups), mosquitoes (238 in 17 groups) and ticks (825 in 77 groups), then RNA of new bunyavirus were detected by RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 12 388 ticks were collected in Xinyang and Jiyuan, consisting of 2 families, 5 geniuses and 6 species. In Xinyang city, 622 ticks were identified, consisting of 2 families, 3 geniuses and 3 species, including 2 (0.32%) Ornithodoros lahorensis, 451 (72.51%) Haemaphysalis longicornis and 117 (18.81%) Boophilus microplus. In Jiyuan city, 11 766 ticks were identified, consisting of 1 family, 4 geniuses and 5 species, including 7718 (65.60%) Haemaphysalis longicornis, 164 (1.39%) H.anatolicum anatolicum and 710 (6.03%) other ticks such as H. detritum, Boophilus microplus and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Haemaphysalis longicornis were found in both districts as the predominant species in Henan province. Ticks were active from March to October. The average density was 160 per person hour and the peak was from May to July with density 278, 209 and 542 per person hour respectively. The results was positive in RNA detection of new bunyavirus in 11 groups of tick and 3 groups of gadfly by RT-PCR. The results were negative in all other hematophagus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ornithodoros lahorensis, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Boophilus microplus, H.anatolicum anatolicum, Rhipicephalus sanguineus and H. detritum were found in Henan province. Haemaphysalis longicornis was the predominant species. The density of ticks varied with the seasons. The detection of new bunyavirus by PCR was positive in some ticks and gadflies.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , China , Epidemiology , Fever , Epidemiology , Insecta , Virology , Leukopenia , Epidemiology , Orthobunyavirus , Ticks , Classification , Physiology , VirologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand etiological types and distribution features of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Henan province between 2008 and 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 30 486 specimens of feces, rectal swabs or throat swabs from HFMD patients were collected by each Municipal CDC in Henan from 2008 to 2011. The enterovirus 71 (EV71), coxsackie virus A16 (CA16) and other enterovirus (EV) were detected by RT-PCR or real time RT-PCR. The VP1 gene of EV71 was amplified and the sequences were analyzed by bioinformatics software. A genetic evolution tree of the sequence was constructed as well.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of EV71, CA16 and other EV were 62.70% (11 209/17 876), 12.03% (2150/17 876), 25.27% (4517/17 876) in 17 876 laboratory diagnosed cases, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 157.17, P < 0.05). The positive rates of EV71, CA16 and other EV were 63.40% (7370/11 624), 11.58% (1346/11 624) and 25.02% (2908/11 624) in male patients and 61.40% (3839/6252), 12.86% (804/6252) and 25.74% (1609/6252) in female patients, respectively. The differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 4.06, P < 0.05). The children under 5 years old were high-risk population of HFMD, accounting to 97.67% (17 459/17 876) of the laboratory-diagnosed patients.86.92% (15 537/17 876) cases were children between 1 to 3 years old. Constituent ratio of EV71 changed seasonally during a year, there was a high infection ratio of EV71 between April and June, especially in May, the infection ratio reached 69.34% (2384/3438). The positive rates of EV71, CA16 and other EV were 82.48% (5715/6929), 1.76% (122/6929) and 15.76% (1092/6929) among the 6929 laboratory-diagnosed severe cases, respectively. The positive rates of EV71 was higher than CA16 and other EV (χ(2) = 9259.17, 6170.81, P < 0.05, respectively). There were 117 deaths because of severe HFMD, 55 (47.01%) of which were laboratory confirmed. 50 death cases were infected by EV71, and according to the genetic evolution analysis, the VP1 gene of EV71 strain was belonged to subtype C4 of gene C.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The EV71 and CA16 were the main pathogens which caused HFMD in Henan province, and EV71 virus was the dominant strain, belonging to C4 subtype of gene C.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Enterovirus A, Human , Classification , Genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , PhylogenyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the epidemic characteristics and viral antibody level among healthy people of Japanese B encephalitis (JE) in Henan province in 2010.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 433 selected JE cases in Henan province in 2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Xinyang and Luoyang were selected as survey sites in 2010.12 administrative villages were randomly selected from both cities. As the investigation objects, 519 healthy people from the two cities were randomly selected by eight age groups:less than one year old, 1 - 2 years old, 3 - 4 years old, 5 - 6 years old, 7 - 14 years old, 15 - 19 years old, 20 - 59 years old, and above 60 years old. A total of 1008 samples of blood specimens were collected both in May and November, and JE viral antibody was detected by micro-cytopathic effect neutralization test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence rate of JE was 0.46/100 000 (433/94 130 434) in Henan province in 2010.97.69% (423/433) of the patients were found between July and September, and 81.06% (351/433) were distributed in Nanyang, Xinyang, Luoyang, Zhumadian and Zhoukou city. Children aged 0 to 14 years were the primarily affected group (82.22%, 356/433), the people above 15 years old accounted for 17.78% (77/433) of whole cases in Henan province, but the same group accounted for 65.79% (50/76) of whole cases in Luoyang city, which obviously higher than the percentage in Henan province (χ(2) = 79.57, P < 0.05). Most patients were scattered children in Henan province, accounting for 58.89% (255/433). In Luoyang city, most patients were peasants, accounting for 44.74% (34/76). The antibody positive rate of JE among health people above 15 years old in Luoyang city was 48.94% (46/94), which was lower than it in Xinyang city at 97.78% (88/90). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 55.42, P < 0.05). The antibody positive rate among healthy people under vaccination was 50.41% (61/121), which was obviously higher than that among people without vaccination, at 16.67% (6/36) in Luoyang city. The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 12.92, P < 0.05). The antibody positive rate among healthy people under vaccination was 67.11% (51/76) in Xinyang city, which was obviously higher than that among people without vaccination, at 46.39% (45/97). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 7.40, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incidence of JE showed seasonal and regional characteristics, there were differences among ages and occupations. The difference was consistent with the difference in viral antibody level among health people in Henan province and Luoyang city.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Antibodies, Viral , Blood , Case-Control Studies , China , Epidemiology , Encephalitis Virus, Japanese , Allergy and Immunology , Encephalitis, Japanese , Blood , Epidemiology , Allergy and Immunology , IncidenceABSTRACT
This report presents an overview of human enterovirus B species in Henan Province. A total of 14 isolates of HEV-B species isolated under HFMD surveillance network during the six months in 2010 were examined. Based on molecular typing results targeting VP1 region, 14 isolates were classified into 6 serotypes of HEV-B. Furthermore, comparison of these 14 isolates with reference strains and strains in mainland China was conducted. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that E25, E11 and E6 showed homology with those from Shandong Province which adjoins Henan Province. E1 and E13 showed homology with those from Yunnan Province, and E30 showed homology with Henan strain isolated in 2008. Cocirculation of two lineages of echovirus 6 was observed.
Subject(s)
Humans , China , Epidemiology , Enterovirus B, Human , Classification , Genetics , Enterovirus Infections , Epidemiology , Virology , Feces , Virology , Molecular Sequence Data , PhylogenyABSTRACT
To reveal the genomic sequence characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 (CoxA16) strain isolated from patients with hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Henan province. A total of 406 samples were detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and cell-culture-based isolation of coxsackievirus A16. The whole genome of CoxA16 isolate was amplified using 10 pairs of primers, the sequences were analyzed and phylogenetic tree was generated by bioinformatics software. The full length of HN1162/HN/CHN/2010 genome was 7411bp. Compared with the other CoxA16 strains released in GenBank, the nucleotide similarities were 87.0-97.9%, 77.0%-95.4%, 80.3%-96.9%, 77.9% 96.2%, 80.5-100% in 5'UTR, P1, P2, P3, 3'UTR region, respectively; The similarities of nucleotide and amino acid sequences in VP1 region were 91.4%-96.4% and 99.3%-99.7%, respectively. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that CoxA16 strains isolated from Henan, Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Fujian belonged to the same cluster. The newly isolated CoxA16 from Henan province belonged to subgenotype C2/B-2. These results will have great significance in monitoring CoxA16 and for prevention and control of hand-foot-mouth disease.
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Epidemiology , Enterovirus A, Human , Classification , Genetics , Genomics , Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease , Epidemiology , Virology , Molecular Sequence Data , PhylogenyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of fever thrombocytopenia and leukopenia syndrome (FTLS) in Henan province, China in 2007 - 2011.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from specific surveillance system for FTLS in Henan and Information Management System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention were used to collect the information of the cases.Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the surveillance data during 2007 - 2011. Patients' sera were collected to detect new bunyavirus using fluorescent RT-PCR and virus isolation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 2007 - 2011, 1021 FTLS cases were reported in Henan province. The fatality rate was 2.25%with 23 deaths. The cases reported in Xinyang city were 1007, accounting for 98.75%.Cases were mainly occurred between April and October, accounting for 96.47% (985/1021). Epidemic peak was May to July, accounting for 59.16% (604/1021). The second peak occurred in September, accounting for 12.05% (123/1021). The age of the cases ranged from 1 to 88 years old with the median age of 59. Sex ratio (male:female) was 1:1.50 (408:613). In all cases, 93.73% (957/1021) were farmers. In 465 patients' sera, the positive rate of new bunyavirus was 69.25% (322/465) using fluorescent RT-PCR. In 164 patients' sera, 67 strains of new bunyavirus were isolated with isolation rate of 40.85% (67/164).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>FTLS in Henan province is caused mainly by the new bunyavirus and has certain regional and seasonal characteristics. Most cases are female older farmers.</p>